Evaluation the role of ferula gummosa essential oil against the hepatoxicity induced by acetaminophen in animal model

Background: Acetaminophen as a common antipyretic drug, in overdoses, is poisonous for the liver

Objective: The current study aimed to assess the protective effects of Ferula [F.] gummosa essential oils against the liver toxicity of acetaminophen in rats

Methods: 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 16 groups [n=5]. Negative control group received only DMSO and the positive control group received acetaminophen 500 mg/kg b.w i.p. The treatment groups received F. gummosa essential oils [100 and 200 mg/kg b.w] i.p immediately after acetaminophen administration. The blood were collected for estimating the values of total antioxidant of plasma [FRAP] and liver enzymes; alanin teransferase [ALT], aspartate teransferase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]. Also, a piece of liver was used for determining of glutathione [GSH], lipid peroxidation [LP] concentrations, the activity of glutathione s-transferase [GST] and histopathological studies

Results: The data showed that F. gummosa essential oil modulate significantly the changes in the levels of GSH, GST and FRAP as well as the liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation compared to negative control group. Furthermore, the histopathological findings of the liver tissue was confirmed the biochemical results

Conclusion: The essential oil extracted from F. gummosa possessed antioxidant activity which protects the liver against the toxic effects of acetaminophen

[Hepatic varcinoid-like in dogs: report of one case with immunohistochemical description]

Neuroendocrine cells are of the peptide and amine secreting cells and because of endodermal origin, exist in respiratory and gastrointestinal system. The report confirms the presence of a tumor using immunohistochemical methods. A hepatic mass was detected in a 10-year-old male mixed-breed dog which was referred with clinical history of frequent vomiting, anorexia, lethargy and syncope. Biochemical and hematological abnormalities included elevation of ALT and AST levels, leukocytosis and anemia. Radiographically the large hepatic mass and multifocal metastatic nodular areas in the other organs were observed. At necropsy the liver had a multilobulated firm mass involving whole caudate lobe of the liver. On the cut section, the tumor was grey sanguineous with hemorrhagic surface and numerous necrotic foci. Microscopically, there were unencapsulated, highly cellular neoplastic proliferations with few hemorrhagic foci in the liver that had a trabecular pattern to Rosette formation which were separated by a fibrovascularstroma. The neoplastic cells were round to oval, with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei. Metastases were observed in lungs, kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes and even in the arteries of the tunica albuginae of the testes. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for NSE and S100 protein. They were negative for CEA, Chromogranine A, CD34, AE1/AE3, CK20 and Hepatic Antigen [HA]. Negative CEA, CK20, CD34 and HA disproved the probability for collangiocarcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, hematopoietic and vascular origin and hepatocellular carcinoma of this tumor respectively. Immunohistochemical demonstration of NSE and S100 protein supported the diagnosis of the Carcinoid like. However, negative reaction for Chromogranine A does not disprove neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosis

[Effect of Monosodium glutamate on rat cerebellum]

Background and Objective: Monosodium glutamate [MSG] is used as a food additive. Several studies have reported the adverse effects of Monosodium glutamate on the testis and brain. This study was performed to determine the effect of Monosodium glutamate in rat cerebellum

Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult wistar rats randomly allocated into three groups including experiment A, experiment B and control [C]. The animals in experiment A and B were received 3g and 6g of MSG thoroughly mixed with their feeds for 14 days, respectively. Animals in control group were received MSG free diet. Food and water for rats to be free in all of experimental time. The rats were sacrificed on fifteen day. The cerebellum dissected and fixed with formalin 10% buffer and stained with hematoxylin and eosin

Results: Disorders and detachment were observed in Purkinje and granular cell layers. Neural cell distribution in granular layer redeuced in the experimental groups. Cellular degenerative changes in the granular layer of the experimental B were more severe than experimental group A. The mean number of neuron of the granular layer in the experimental A, B and control groups were 2750, 2140 and 3150, respectively

Conclusion: The consumption of monosodium glutamate dose dependly causes histopathological changes and reduces the number of the cerebellumllar neurons in adult rat

Mandibular primitive neuroectodermal tumor in an adult dog

This is the report of a mandibular neuroectodermal/ewing sarcoma in an 8-year-old male cross breed dog that is unique because of tumor origin location. Pedunculated, ulcerative, firm 6.0 x 4.0 x 5.5 cm tumor mass effaced the bone at the rostral part of the mandible and had a white-sanguineous color at cross section appearance. Histopathologically, small round blue cell tumor was diagnosed. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for vimentin, S100 and Glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and negative for neuron specific enolase [NSE] and desmin. Mandibular location is a rare event in these types of tumors

Immunohistochemical evaluation of lymphocyte types infiltrate into the canine seminomas

Seminoma is frequently observed in human and canine testes especially in cryptorchids. Canine and human seminomas are typically associated with leukocytic infiltration. We aimed to identify the type of lymphocytes that infiltrate to seminomas. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were evaluated by immunohistological techniques in 5 dogs with diffuse seminoma. Routine pathological examination of these specimens showed diffuse seminoma with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in all cases. Lymphocytes in seminomas were predominantly T cytotoxic [CD3+, CD8+] cells. These cells were distributed diffusely, but patchy around the vessels. B-cells were also identified as some rare single cells diffusely scattered in the tumoral parenchyma. The results of this study showed that the lymphocyte infiltrating cells are mainly T lymphocytes particularly CD8 cytotoxic type

[ effects of hawthorn [crataegus pseudomelanocarpa] extract on trichostrongylids in infected sheep]

The use of tanniferous plants in ruminants has been documented as an alternative to anthelmintics, for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of this study was to assess the possible impact of Crataegus pseudomelanocarpa extract on the Trichostrongylids helminthes found in sheep. Two groups of sheep were experimentally infected with 2.000 L3 of Trichostrongylids. After 4 weeks, Hawthorn Extract was diluted in 200 ml of water at 25 0C and was orally administered two times a day. The 8 remaining animals comprised as infected control group which received an equal volume of water daily during the same period of time. On the 9th day, all of the sheep were necropsied and calculations were made for individual egg excretion adult worm counts in the abomasum and small intestines sex rate [male/female]; and the fecundity rate. The results were compared using statistical test. Moreover, histological samples from the fundus and pyloric regions were taken to enumerate the number of mucosal mast cells, globule leukocytes and eosinophils. The results showed that the administration of this tanniferous plant was associated with a significant decrease in egg excretion [82.57%] and female fecundity [84.85%]. Pathological findings showed a greater presence of mucosal eosinophils and mast cells in the abomasums and small intestines of the control group in compare with treated sheep. However, statistical analyses did not show a significant difference between these groups. These results indicate that the administration of Crataegus pseudomelanocarpa, which has tannin extract, could be effective in the control of Trichostrongylids infected sheep

[ effect of different levels of cadmium on the histopathological changes and the rate of lymphoid cells apoptosis of bursa of fabricius in broiler chickens]

Cadmium toxicity can cause kidney failure, liver damage and a weakened immune system in experimental and naturally occurring toxicities. This study was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium [Cd] on the histology and the rate of lymphoid apoptosis in the bursa of fabricius of chicken. One-hundred 20-day-old male Ross broilers were purchased and randomly divided into four groups. The control group [C] received no Cd, whereas groups 1, 2, and 3 had rations administered containing 25, 50 and 100 ppm cadmium as CdCl, respectively. At days 14, 28 and 42, seven chicks from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed. The bursa of Fabricius of each chick was removed, weighed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for histopathology and assessment of the rate of lymphoid cells apoptosis. The apoptotic cells were demonstrated in paraffin embedded tissue sections using the TUNEL[terminal oxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling] method. The concentration of Cd in the liver samples was measured by atomic absorption. Areverse correlation between the levels of Cd in the rations and the body weight of the chickens [p < 0.01] was found. The concentration of Cd in the liver showed a positive correlation with the levels of Cd in the rations [p < 0.01]. The number of apoptotic lymphoid cells was significantly increased in those groups receiving higher levels of Cd [especially groups 2 and 3] [p<0.01]. Morphologically, plicas and lymphoid follicles of groups 2 and 3 were smaller than of the control group. In the histological analysis they were found to be hypocellular and some of them were edematous. Compared to the control group, there was an increase in the number of intraepithelial cysts in groups 2 and 3 at days 28 and 42. In addition, atrophic changes of bursal paranchyma were observed in group 3 after 42 days. It can be concluded that under experimental conditions the higher concentrations of Cd in the rations [50 and 100 ppm]has detrimental effects on the bursa of Fabricius of chickens

[Proliferative pigmented pilomatricoma: an immunohistochemical study of CK[7], CK[8] and P[53] expression]

Pilomatricomas are cystic hair follicle neoplasms originate from matrix cells which is produced by hair shaft and Inner root sheaths of this zone region of the inferior part of the hair follicle there is cornification patterns are present. These structures are recognized almost exclusively in dogs. A five-year-old, male intact boxer dog was presented with a large pedunculated mass in medial aspect of elbow region. The histopathological findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The tumor was BCC like with lobules of tumor basal cells and shadow cell-like necrotic cells showing central keratinization. Immunohistochemically, the CK7was negative that revealed this tumor could not to be a BCC. Positivity for CK8 revealed that this tumor originated from hair sheath. Nonentity of invasion and metastasis and negativity for P53 iniplicated that the turn or was benign. This tumor was proliferative pigmented pilomathcoma because of a large number of basal cells of lobules and melanophages in the interlobular fibrous tissue. This report can be useful in oncoming reclassification of canine skin tumors

[Histopathological and ultrastractural changes of kidneys in response to cadmium chloride toxicity in broiler chickens]

Cadmium as a heavy metal has some detrimental effects on the health of living organisms. The aim of the present inventigation was to study the effects of cadmium induced toxicity on the kidney in a broiler chicken mode. Eighty four one day-old male Ross breed broiler chickens were obtained from a commercial poultry farm and randomly divided into four groups. While control [group 1] took no cadmium, groups 2,3 and 4 received a ration of 25,50 and 100 ppm cadmium [CdCl[2]] per day, respectively. At days 14, 28 and 42 seven birds were sacrificed and their kidneys were examined with both light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using 2- way ANOVA. Kidney lesions in the groups 3 and 4 were more severe than the group 2. Severity of kidney lesions showed both time and dose dependent manner increase so that all birds in groups 3 and 4 had severe kidney lesions. These groups received 50 and 100 ppm cadmium a day. Renal histopathology showed swelling, degenerative changes, necrosis and apoptosis in tubular epithelium as well as presence of hyaline casts and lack of kidney lymphoid tissue formation. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of dietary cadmium can induce kidney lesions in chickens through glomerular and tubular damages

Penile fibrosarcoma tumor in a bull

This is a report of a penile fibrosarcoma in a two-year-old crossbred Holstein bull. The ulcerated tumor mass with dimensions of 7 x 9x 6.5 cm, was enveloped the glans and body of the penis. It had a white-gray color at cross section appearance. There was no metastatic evidence of regional lymph node enlargement. Histopathologically, elongated spindle-shpaed cells arranged densely in the interwoven pattern had a low rat of mitosis with oddly-shaped nuclei and pleomorphism. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and S100, but negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin, C-KT and GFAP

Desmin expression by a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in a dog

This report describes the histological and immunohistochemical features of a small intestinal tumor that resembled a human gastrointestinal stromal tumor [GISTs] in a seven-year-old male cross-breed dog. This was unique because of the expression of desmin by the tumor. Grossly, the white-gray tumor measured 8.0x4.0x6.5 cm and was 760 gram in weight. It was cystic and enveloped the jejunum. Histopathologically, long spindle-shaped cells were arranged densely in the interwoven pattern. The tumor cells had a low rate of mitosis, were pleomorphic, and were positive for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin, S100 and C-KIT and negative for CD34 on immunohistochemistry. The expression of desmin in the cytoplasm of this tumor cells is a rare event in these types of tumors